What is RAM? Understanding your device’s memory and performance

When you’re shopping for a phone or laptop, or reading tech news, you usually notice that manufacturers talk about devices’ RAM. But what is RAM, and how does it impact your machine’s performance?

At Asurion, our experts provide tech support to millions of customers, helping them get the most out of their technology. From adding RAM to increasing device speed and replacing RAM to protecting home tech, we can lend a hand. Here’s a breakdown of RAM computer memory, the different types, how your device uses it, and how to assess your RAM needs.

What is RAM and how does it work?

Random access memory (RAM) is your device's temporary memory. Whenever you run a program on your device, it's loaded from storage to RAM so that your device can access it quickly. RAM is a workspace for the central processing unit (CPU), holding data and instructions that active programs need to function in real time. 

But what is one of the differences between random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM)? While RAM is a short-term memory and doesn’t retain data once you turn off your device, ROM, or storage, keeps information like files and apps more permanently. Think of storage as a filing cabinet for your data and RAM as your desk where you do active work. When the desk gets crowded, you need to clear space by returning items to storage to keep things running smoothly.

Functions of RAM

RAM lets your device run smoothly by temporarily storing data so that the CPU can access it quickly and complete tasks fast. It affects your device's speed and multitasking capabilities in these ways:

• Multitasking support: RAM enables your device to run multiple apps simultaneously without slowing down.
• Faster data access: It provides quick access to the information your device needs in real time, improving response times.
• Smooth performance: RAM actively loads and manages data for high-performance tasks, such as gaming and video editing, allowing these programs to operate without interruption.

Insufficient RAM can slow your device. If you’re often frustrated with unresponsive programs or lagging load times, not enough RAM is probably to blame.

Types of RAM

While there are different types of RAM, the most common is DRAM (dynamic RAM), which is used as the main memory in computers. Within DRAM, there are different generations and specialized forms:

DDR4 (Double Data Rate 4)

DDR4 is a widely used generation of dynamic RAM known for its reliable performance and energy efficiency in most computers.

DDR5 (Double Data Rate 5)

DDR5 is the newer version of dynamic RAM. It offers faster speed and improved efficiency compared to DDR4, making it ideal for high-performance systems.

GDDR6 (Graphics Double Data Rate 6)

GDDR6 is a specialized type of dynamic RAM used in graphics cards. It’s optimized for high-speed data transfer, which makes it suitable for gaming and other graphics-intensive tasks.

HBM (High Bandwidth Memory)

HBM is an advanced memory used to handle large amounts of data very quickly. It’s usually used in high-performance computers and servers for complex data processing. HBM stacks memory chips vertically for faster data transfer and better power efficiency.

Assessing RAM needs

The amount of RAM you need for everyday tasks depends on how you use your devices. If you're a casual user, you can get by with the basics. For tasks such as web browsing, email, video streaming, and office work, 8GB of RAM is typically sufficient. You’ll enjoy smooth performance without incurring excessive costs.

If you regularly multitask, run multiple apps simultaneously, do video editing, or frequently browse through tabs, consider 16GB RAM or higher for more breathing room. It’ll help you avoid slowdowns and improve responsiveness. The best practice is to consider specific tasks you’ll execute, then balance your budget against your desired performance.

How to optimize RAM usage

If your computer is slowing down, causing programs to crash, or struggling to handle simple tasks, it may be low on RAM. Sometimes, you don’t need additional RAM but simple optimization to free up your memory and keep your computer at peak efficiency:

• Close unused apps and tabs that are unnecessarily eating up RAM to free up memory.
• Disable startup programs that run in the background even when you aren’t using them. On Windows, press Ctrl+Shift+Esc > Startup. Right-click and disable any programs you don’t need to start up.
• Update your software. App and system updates often include performance improvements and fixes for memory usage. Outdated software can consume more RAM than necessary.
• Use lighter alternatives. Some apps are memory hogs. Switching to lighter versions, such as using a basic text editor instead of a full-featured word processor, can reduce RAM usage.
• Check for malware. Malware silently consumes memory. Run a trusted antivirus to detect and remove malicious software on your device.